2025;164 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156113
By Route of Administration: Parenteral dominates, Oral growing fastest Parenteral (subcutaneous injection) delivery held the dominant route of administration position in 2025, reflecting that all high-dose, high-efficacy GLP-1 formulations currently approved for obesity management require injection for the delivery of drug quantities sufficient to achieve therapeutic plasma concentrations
Vascular adhesion molecules in atherosclerosis
Expanding our knowledge of the metabolic pathways involved in ICP regulation and IIH maybe an important step for future research, which could lead to the identification of novel targeted therapies for patients with IIH
Conversely, a single-institution study of 1,191 participants failed to find a difference in the rate of new retinopathy or existing retinopathy progression between GLP-1/GIP agonist or SGLT2 inhibitors when the amount of hemoglobin A1c reduction was the same in the two treatment arms
GLP-1 analog liraglutide protects against oxidative stress and albuminuria in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats via protein kinase A-mediated inhibition of renal NAD(P)H oxidases
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