Niacinamide Niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3 that plays an important role in cell metabolism
Copper peptides are sensitive to heat, light and oxygen
ROS and macrophage function Macrophages play important roles within the wound healing process, including in antimicrobial activities, as well as inflammation, angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, re-epithelialisation, and tissue resolution 74
If that would not be enough, Skullcap Root is also claimed to have antimicrobial and antifungal properties (also against P.acnes and Malassezia furfur ) as well as some skin-brightening activity
On top of that, any NAD+ that your cells do have left gets used up faster in response to stress, illness, or environmental damage
If you have risk factors or these symptoms, your doctor may recommend testing for vitamin B12 deficiency