The effects of corticosteroid medication, increased sunscreen use, and decreased sun exposure are also contributing reasons for this insufficiency (170)
One particularly relevant comparison in the Matrixyl vs GHK-Cu literature involves post-laser resurfacing recovery GHK-Cu applied to treatment areas demonstrated measurably reduced recovery time and improved collagen density on biopsy compared to vehicle controls
For instance, individual metabolism affects how quickly our bodies process glutathione, which in turn influences how long the effects of the treatment last
Relative contraindications requiring caution include active or suspected cancer (GHK-Cu promotes angiogenesis with concern about theoretically feeding tumors, though conflicting data shows documented anti-cancer gene expression effects requiring medical supervision), severe organ dysfunction (kidney or liver failure may slow peptide clearance), hemochromatosis or copper overload conditions, autoimmune disorders, and patients on immunosuppressants or blood thinners
In addition to LC3, several groups have developed some specific macrophage substrates to monitor autophagic flux, such as p62/SQSTM1 (151, 152), BRCA1 gene 1 protein (NBR1) (151), betaine-homocysteine s-methyltransferase (153), and polyglutamine protein aggregates (154)
Lu VM, Marek T, Gilder HE, Puffer RC, Raghunathan A, Spinner RJ, et al
