The DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, protein digestion and absorption, retinol metabolism, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3KAkt signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, and TGF-beta signaling pathway (Figure 4A)
Such gender differences were observed in a 12-week clinical trial combining prebiotic supplementation (20 g/day fiber) with CBT, where only men PTSD veterans exhibited increased abundance of SCFA-producing taxa such as Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium , with no microbiota changes observed in female participants (Voigt et al., 2025)
Epub 2023 Sep 17
*Correspondence: Shimaa M
However, studies in healthy athletes have not yet proven this theory
Untreated, BH4 deficiency with high phenylalanine can lead to developmental delays, muscle dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and sometimes epilepsy.[ref] Rare mutations in different genes in the BH4 pathway can cause different genetic conditions
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