The forces involved in squirting a liquid directly onto the powder or, even worse, shaking the vial vigorously can be enough to shear those delicate peptide bonds apart
PMID 34913341
It's always best to talk with your doctor before experimenting with any new supplement
This complex process means that conditions affecting the stomach or intestines can significantly impair B12 absorption, including pernicious anaemia, atrophic gastritis, previous gastric surgery, coeliac disease, Crohn's disease, and long-term use of certain medications (such as metformin, proton pump inhibitors, and H2 antagonists)
Stem cell recruitment potentially supporting mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts
Supplied as a lyophilized powder for controlled scientific research applications