After being absorbed into the scalp, peptides get in direct contact with hair follicles, triggering them to enhance the production of keratin, collagen, and elastin, essential proteins responsible for creating the internal support framework of every hair strand
Bottom line: individual ingredients have real biochemistry and, for carnitine, a small measurable effect
Burn, A.L., Paulin, R.P., Haasdyk, J.E., Dickson, K-A., Brahmbhatt, et al (2007) Bacterially derived 400 nm particles for encapsulation and cancer cell targeting of chemotherapeutics Cancer Cell, 11, 431-445 OptiPrep Application Sheet C49
Some versions are marketed as sublingual drops, meant to be placed under the tongue for faster absorption
L.RoseS.et al
Consequently, achieving effective drug concentrations in the tumor becomes difficult and ultimately leads to drug resistance in breast cancer