Oral B12 supplements have to pass through the gut, and absorption can be limited especially if you have digestive issues, take certain medications like metformin or antacids, or simply have low stomach acid
Benoist, Caroline C et al
Additionally, established procedures help support dependable batch-to-batch performance and reliable research material preparation
Look for ingredients such as fillers, artificial flavors, and colors
B12 shots commonly cause localized pain, while IV infusions carry additional considerations related to venous access and fluid delivery
Cyanocobalamin contains a cyanide molecule instead of a methyl group, making it inactive and potentially harmful