In a cross-sectional study, Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and renal function were closely related with plasma TMAO levels and TMAO may serve as a diagnostic biomarker for HFpEF and renal function ( The impaired renal TMAO clearance may lead to elevated circulating TMAO concentration and reduced glomerular filtration rate, which could aggravate burden of kidney ( High TMAO concentration is associated with long-term mortality in patients with CKD and coronary atherosclerosis (Zhou et al., 2022)
Preserve lean mass with resistance training and protein, keep intake under a modest deficit when safe, and increase daily monitoring of appetite and weight so small trends can be corrected early
8(4):pkae054 Han JS, Kim GH, Kim J, Jeon US, Joo KW, Na KY et al (2002) Secretory-defect distal renal tubular acidosis is associated with transporter defect in H(+)-ATPase and anion exchanger-1
Alogliptin treatment reversed the elevated markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, obesity, and NF-kB
Ultrathin sections (60-80 nm) were cut with an ultramicrotome Leica UC7 and collected on 150-mesh copper grids with formvar film