In oxidative stress models, cells treated with GHK-Cu show 65% reduction in malondialdehyde levels (a lipid peroxidation marker) and 80% increase in total antioxidant capacity compared to controls
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Cells were collected and then incubated with serum-free DMEM containing 10 M DCFH-DA for 30 min at 37
GLP-1 GLP-1 , , , , , GLP-1
Raw data for statistical analyses and supplemental data are available at Zenodo (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14916225) Ethics statement The animal study was approved by Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES, Oldenburg, Germany)