Reduced electron leak from the respiratory chain has been documented
This can lead to B12 deficiency, which can cause many symptoms such as numbness, weakness, abnormal gait, memory loss, depression, and anemia among many others (No Stomach for Cancer, 2023)
Such a setup would precisely delineate the NSC-derived paracrine factors (e.g., BDNF, VEGF [18, 32], TGF-) responsible for suppressing microglial activation and promoting an anti-inflammatory phenotype, independently of in vivo complexities
This sparked further advancements, including Novo Nordisks development of more potent analogs like liraglutide and semaglutide, with the latter achieving over $12 billion in sales by 2022
Nature Medicine , 28(5), 898-910
Branco-Price, C