doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100676 315
Turmeric Turmeric features a powerful antioxidant called curcumin
10% excreted unchanged by the kidney contraindicated: hepatic dysfunction renal insufficiency Glimepiride: (Amaryl) monotherapy -- once a day administration or in combination with insulin most potent -- lowest dose of the sulfonylureas long duration of action: half-life = 5 hours hepatic metabolism: complete to inactive products Secondary Failure and Tachyphylaxis to Sulfonylureas: Treatment failures occur Possibly due to pancreatic B cell refractoriness or to loss of dietary compliance Combination of sulfonylureas and insulin would appear justified only in the presence of severe insulin resistance Metformin: (Glucophage) glycolysis stimulation-- increased glucose removal from blood decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis decreased glucose absorption rate from the GI tract reduced plasma glucagon in patients with refractory obesity and insulin resistance Advantages: does not cause hypoglycemia does not increased weight May be used in combination with sulfonylureas when sulfonylurea monotherapy is not effective most common -- gastrointestinal (20% frequency) anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea dose-related usually occurs upon initiation of therapy -- often transient in effect Decreased vitamin B 12 absorption
In addition, GRADE assessment, sensitivity tests, and subgroup analysis were used to assess quality of studies, detect publication bias and identify potential sources of heterogeneity among trials, respectively
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African-American heritage, reproductive history, body size, and smoking
