Jan 2015;64(1):35-46
In senescent cells, FOXO4 binds to p53, preventing apoptosis
65,66,67 MTHFD2 is postulated to be the main switch that produces additional one-carbon units in mitochondria to enable rapid growth
This signaling cascade contributes to appetite suppression, delayed gastric emptying, and weight reduction (172)
Whether the breadth translates to clinical benefit on intact human skin depends entirely on whether the molecule reaches the cells whose gene expression it modulates
Age-Related Decline In the body, GHK-Cu naturally occurs at concentrations of approximately 200 ng/mL in plasma at age 20, but these levels decline progressively with age to less than 80 ng/mL by age 60 - this age-related decline correlates with decreased tissue repair capacity, skin aging, and impaired regenerative responses, leading to the hypothesis that GHK-Cu decline contributes to aging phenotypes and that restoration of youthful levels through supplementation could have anti-aging benefits
