A phylogenic tree was generated by the neighbor-joining method, using the amino acid sequences of known GGTs from plants, yeast, bacteria, and humans ( Figure 2 )
RawalS.KimJ
The present study also explores the possibility that the oxidized inactive form of e-GST may be present in blood, given that two critical cysteines, Cys47 and Cys101 (the latter corresponding to Cys103 in pig e-GST) are strictly conserved in all mammals tested, and that they form a disulfide both in vivo and in vitro as proved for the human enzyme
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This limits exposure to the treatment site and reduces potential for systemic side effects
In certain embodiments, any controlled-release otic formulation described herein increases the exposure time of an active agent and decreases the C max in otic fluids (e.g., endolymph and/or perilymph) by about 40%, about 30%, about 20%, or about 10%, compared to a formulation that is not a controlled-release otic formulation