l carnitine 3rd party tested L-Carnitine, 1,000 mg, 120 Tablets Liquid L-Carnitine 3000: Metabolism &

10.1105/tpc.12.10.1939 Plant Cell 58 MartretB

Whey protein The International Society of Sports Nutrition journal says that whey protein, made from milk, is one of the finest sources of glutathione

A high GSH to GSSG ratio signals a healthy redox state

however, intranasal delivery can also reach the CNS via olfactory or trigeminal pathways, bypassing the BBB (Hanson and Frey 2008)

This nonapeptide, first isolated from the cerebral venous blood of rabbits during sleep, has been shown to induce slow-wave sleep, modulate pain perception, and exhibit potential antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties

So, we decided the study design be based on the pre-post intervention model