Nieman DC, Henson DA, McNaulty SR, McNaulty L, Swick NS, Utter AC, Vinci DM, Opiela SJ, Morrow JD: Influence of Vitamin C supplementation on oxidative and immune changes after an ultramarathon
Nanoemulsions have high surface area and free energy and are stable transport systems resistant to creaming and sedimentation
Repair proceeds through overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation (angiogenesis, fibroplasia, matrix deposition), and remodeling (maturation and cross-linking of the matrix)
But the way they work involves periodic, gentle heating cycles to melt any ice buildup
Patients come in for B12 injections on an as needed individualized schedule
This equalizes pressure and prevents vacuum buildup over multiple draws