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Notably, the NADPH/FSP1/CoQ10 axis mediated by FSP1 constitutes a robust antioxidant pathway that is independent of and parallel to the classical GSH/GPX4 axis (Li and Li, 2020)

The ratio of oxidized and reduced Glutathione determines the redox status of the cell

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The antiaging activity of ergothioneine in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts via the inhibition of the AP-1 pathway and the activation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant genes

O is able to either reduce or oxidize transition metals (e.g., iron, copper) (46), which function as catalysts for redox reactions that produce reactive oxygen species

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