Consistently, the use of -methyl-D-glucopyranoside (MDG), an acaloric substrate of SGLT1, within 5 min triggers the release of GLP-1 as glucose does, demonstrating how it is the sodium current that triggers the release of the incretin, and not the metabolic ATP-driven arrest of potassium currents and following calcium spike (58)
Shortcomings of Animal Models : While preclinical data can be suggestive, they do not always accurately predict clinical outcomes in humans due to differences in physiology, disease progression, and complex metabolic interactions that cannot be fully replicated in animal models
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