Additionally, TB-500 in commercial products refers specifically to the N-acetylated 1723 fragment (Ac-LKKTETQ), while the strongest peer-reviewed clinical and preclinical work was conducted on full-length thymosin beta-4 (RGN-259, RGN-352)
GIPR agonism proved essential, buffering the hyperglycemic liability of GcgR activation
A 2023 phase II trial in 40 post-surgical patients found 0.5% GHK-Cu gel reduced scar volume by 35% at 3 months versus silicone (p=0.002) (Hosokawa et al., 2023)
However, in acetic acid-induced writhing and analgesic tests, the extracts did not exhibit significant pain-relieving effects, suggesting selective anti-inflammatory rather than analgesic activity (284)
The compound did not become less valuable when you added water
Indeed, there are now several dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists in clinical development, including tirzepatide, which was approved by the FDA and EMA for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in 2022