Patients with diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and both diabetes and hyperlipidemia had a significantly lower total and free carnitine level compared with the diabetic patients without complications or co-morbidities
Chung AE, Langdon RG
A recent review found that patients using GLP-1 medications may be at increased risk for 19: Low protein intake Reduced intake of key micronutrients like vitamin D, iron, and calcium Declines in vitamin B12 and thiamine (B1) over time In some cases, this may contribute to: Fatigue or low energy Loss of lean muscle mass Longer-term nutrient deficiencies, if not addressed This is not a reason to avoid these medications, but it does highlight the importance of dietary quality and intentional nutrition support from a qualified professional while using them
Antioxidants 2020;9:624 4
A vast number of preclinical and clinical studies have provided evidence for the potential role of GLP-1R agonists in modulating reward-seeking of food, alcohol, cocaine, and amphetamine, offering the possibility of a novel therapeutic alternative for treating addiction [112]
FDA American Diabetes Association