B12 deficiency is a documented concern with long-term GLP-1 use because these medications slow gastric emptying, which can reduce B12 absorption from food
People with pernicious anemia or other medical conditions affecting B12 levels
It is detected in reticulocytes but upon maturation its content decreases and it is absent in mature erythrocytes [223]
Both compounded semaglutide and compounded tirzepatide are described as prepared by licensed 503A pharmacies on a patient-specific basis, in contrast to branded Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Zepbound, which are FDA-approved and mass-manufactured
We also highlight major challenges in CHE management, including limited implementation of testing, inadequate biomarkers, diagnostic difficulties in geriatric cirrhosis, and unmet needs in fall and driving risk management, and emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary team-based approaches to improve patient outcomes
10.1210/me.2003-0069 119 HustonJ