Since the 1960s, Retinol Equivalents (RE) were used to describe vitamin A activity from retinol and carotenoids
Thus, more than genes of major effect, evidence suggest that there are multiple susceptibility loci, each one with small effect
Preiss D, Dawed A, Welsh P, Heggie A, Jones AG, Dekker J, Koivula R, Hansen TH, Stewart C, Holman RR, Franks PW, Walker M, Pearson ER, Sattar N, DIRECT consortium group
female proportion 33% vs 29%), minimizing their potential as confounders
Free Radic Biol Med 61:320332 MacArthur Clark J (2018) The 3Rs in research: a contemporary approach to replacement, reduction and refinement
Mitochondria and Calcium in Alzheimers Disease: From Cell Signaling to Neuronal Cell Death