Consequently, further investigation is warranted [29]
These mechanisms further activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hepatic glycogenolysis, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance, contributing to core depressive features of anhedonia, emotional dysregulation, and cognitive slowing ( The complex etiopathogenesis of T2DM has been explored in detail and includes insulin resistance (in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue), impaired insulin secretion, -cell dysfunction, immune dysregulation and meta-inflammation, hyperglucagonemia, disrupted gut microbiota, increased gastric glucose absorption, renal adaptation with enhanced glucose reabsorption and gluconeogenesis, decreased dopamine, and heightened sympathetic tone in the brain ( via cells of the circumventricular organs located around the third and fourth brain ventricles, transmitting signals to deeper brain structures
doi: 10.3389/FPHAR.2022.825417 73 HlscherC
The final section of this review synthesizes these insights into a forward-looking perspective on the future of peptide therapeutics and articulates why the rediscovery of dormant biology, when guided by modern pharmacologic principles, may represent the most productive frontier in drug discovery
But a more consequential signal emerged when looking beyond prescription counts to the patients themselves
I had given up on life last year and was super depressed about my weight and size
